- 浏览: 690029 次
文章分类
”从生命起源到智慧宇宙“全文(英文论文)
This
paper published in the January 2012 Hawaii WDSI management and Operations Research Conference
Feng Liu,ResearchCenterfor Virtual Economy and Digital Sciences,ChinaAcademyofSciences,Beijing100190,China
<wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr>Yue “Jeff” Zhang, California State University, Northridge, USA</wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr>
Abstract
The Theory of Evolution by Darwin revealed the law of evolution of lives, from primitive to advanced, from simple to complex. Similar evolution can also be seen on the Internet: the four decades of the Internet show that the Internet’s development is not orderless. Instead, through the analogy and contrast between the Internet and human brain structure, evidences show that the evolution of the Internet is highly resembling that of human brains. Enlightened by neurology, we plotted the “virtual brain structure” for the Internet. We found that the Internet has the tendency of infinite expansion and growth, and have come to the conclusion that the Internet will eventually extend to the whole universe. According to the research, we have formed a roadmap of evolution from the origin of life to the Intelligent Universe
Introduction
<wbr></wbr>
From the review and examination of the history of the Internet, we have found that the structure of the Internet has strong resemblance to that of human brain. We proposed a structure of the Internet Virtual Brain, and plotted six illustrations of evolution of the Internet, from a primitive one evolved to a mature one.
On the special dimension, on the other hand, we noted that the Internet has the tendency of infinite expansion and growth, from the laboratory prototype to national internetwork, intercontinental network, and, through moon explorer and Mars explorer, expanding to outer space. We thus speculate that as time passes, the Internet will expand from the Earth to the whole Solar System, further to the Milky Way galaxy, eventually to the whole universe. This universe that is connected and covered by the Internet is what we call the “intelligent universe” or “the universe as a brain.” We created<wbr><span style="font-weight:bold">five</span><wbr>figures to illustrate the expansion of the Internet from the Earth to the whole universe.</wbr></wbr>
The Darwinian has proved the process of evolution from the single-cell microbody to human. However, the evolution after human life is still unknown. We attempted to combine the evolution of lives and the evolution of the Internet, to form a roadmap of evolution from the origin of life to the Intelligent Universe. This roadmap will be illustrated in Section 4.
1. The Origin of Life, and the Theory of Evolution
In 1859, C.R. Darwin published his revolutionary book<wbr><span style="font-style:italic">The Origin of Lives</span>, in which he argued that all lives on the Earth evolved from a common ancestor; lives have biological relations.Darwin proposed selection of the nature to explain the cause of evolution, thus established a scientific theory of evolution, revealing the law of the development of lives [1].</wbr>
The commonly held scientific belief is that the lives on the Earth evolved following such roadmap: from the most primitive non-cell organism, evolved to<wbr><span style="font-weight:bold">prokaryotes</span><wbr>with cell structure, from<span style="font-weight:bold"><wbr>prokaryotes</wbr></span><wbr>with cell structure to<wbr><span style="font-weight:bold">Single-celled eukaryotes</span>, and then follow different directions of evolution, there appeared fungi, vegetable kingdom, and animal kingdom. In the animal kingdom, the evolution manifested from the primitive flagellate to multi-cell animal, to chordate, and further to vertebrates. The fishes in the vertebrates evolved to amphibian, then to reptiles, which branched to mammals and birds. A branch of mammals further evolved to one that has high level of intelligence, which is human[2].</wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr>
We will borrow the scientific illustration of the evolution from the primitive non-cell structure to human, to be the first part of our evolution roadmap from the origin of life to the intelligent universe
2.The Birth of the Internet, to the Formation of the Internet Brain
The Internet was born in 1969 as APARNET, a computer internetwork by the Advanced Research Project Agency (APAR) of the of the U.S. Department of Defense. The applications on the Internet developed from simple forms in the early days such as ftp, electronic mail, electronic BBS, developed to the rich forms of today, such as<wbr>electronic commerce, blogs, wikis, social networks, search engines, instant messaging, and video streaming. Although the original purpose of the Internet (APARNET) was to facilitate the connections and the communications among computers, the great significance of the Internet proved to be way beyond such original intention[3].</wbr>
Looking back to the evolution history of human, it is a history of the extension of human sensing and motion organs. Stick extended arms, stone extended fist, car and train extended legs, telescope and microscope extended eyes, drums, trumpets, and telephone lines extendedear and<wbr>mouth in signal transmission. The highway networks, railway networks, airlines networks, and ocean liner networks eventually realized the networking of human limbs.</wbr>
At the same time, the extension of human brain never stood still either. Knot-tying, counting rod, abacus are all examples of early day computing tools that extend the human brain. In1753, almost at the beginning of the industrial revolution, an author known as “C.M” described on<wbr><span style="font-style:italic">The Scottish</span><wbr>the structure of his “electric communication machine.” In 1837, Cook, an English, made the first major step in telecommunications with his telegraph. Bell’s telephone in 1876 basically laid the ground for today’s internetworking. Then the electronic computer born in the US in 1946 substantially extended human brain. And then in the 1950s there came the communications among computers – the digital communications[3]</wbr></wbr>
It took the mankind two hundred years to make preparations for internetworking. In 1969, ARPANET connected four computers for the first time, and then the Internet took off from the original military-oriented ARPANET to today’s Internet with millions of servers and countless applications and services. The forty years since the ARPANET, there emerged desktop computers, laptop computers, and smart phones, everyone of which increased the time human brain connected to the Internet. The information and knowledge inside human brain constantly interacts with those on the Internet. The history of the Internet indicates that the Internet is not only the internetworking of computers, but rather for the connection of human brains through internetworking of computers .
If the fundamental function of the Internet is to connect human brains rather than only computers, the this connection itself should have a structure relevant and similar to that of what it connects – the human brain. Observing the Internet’s development since 1969, we noticed this similarity with more and more evidence[4].
<wbr></wbr>
From the 1990s, video cameras connected with the Internet had started to be used in homes, factories, and public places such as intersections and squares. In 2007, Google launched the street view service, through which Internet users in Asia or Europe can view city views of Denver, Las Vegas, Miami, or New York. This new system is to the Internet as vision and hearing systems are to the human nerve system[5]
Also in the 1990s, sensors placed in soil, air, bridges, building began to be connected to the Internet, sending data to monitors through the Internet. In 2006, the water resources management of China began to place sensors in soil, rivers, and air, transmitted data of temperature, humidity, wind speed to data processing center through the Internet, for analysis to support decisions regarding flood/drought prevention and response. Since 2009, the Internet of Things featuring networks of sensors began to take off world wide. These networks are similar to the<wbr><span style="font-weight:bold">Somatosensory<wbr></wbr></span><wbr>nerve systems in human brain[6].</wbr></wbr>
Since 1980s, the control of a remote printer or copier through LAN or MAN (metropolitan area network) emerged. In the first ten years of the 21st century, it is not uncommon to see cases in which doctors perform surgery through networks from distance. These applications of controlling machines or equipments from a distance are similar to the motion nerve system in human brain [7].
In October 2007, Google and IBM began to extend their cloud computing programs in university campuses, including Carnegie Mellon, MIT, Stanford, UC Berkeley, and University of Maryland. In cloud computing, the software traditionally installed on PCs – such as office, gaming, security, and financial software – are residing in and running from giant servers on the Internet. Numerous users obtain the services provided by these gigantic servers through simpler clients (as compared to full-fledged stations). At the same time the data captured by the “vision,” “hearing,” “body sensing,” and “motion”“nerve systems” are all transmitted<wbr>to cloud servers, where they are processed and searched/queried. The cloud computing is very similar to the central verve system in human brain[8]</wbr>
It is enlightened by these evidences, we developed the following illustration for the “virtual brain of the Internet”[9](Figure 1):
<wbr></wbr>
The above figure was later further developed into a new one that emphasized the triple-layer structure of the central nerve system of the Internet ”[10](Figure 2):
The evolution of the Internet from the original four connected computers to the eventually complete “virtual brain of the Internet” is not achieved in one strike. Instead it is a gradual and evolutional process. Based on the development of the Internet, we plotted six figures as the second part of the evolution roadmap from the origin of life to the intelligent universe.
3.The Internet’s Spatial Growth from Laboratory to Intelligent Universe
October 29, 1969, the computers at Stanford and UCLA connected for the first time, which was the prototype of the Internet. Since that point, in 42 years, the Internet expanded from theU.S.to covering theAmericas, Europe, andAsia. All continents are now completely covered by the Internet.
The Internet’s expansion is not limited to the Earth: every step of mankind’s exploration into the outer space marks the expansion of the boundary of the Internet: the moon explorer, the Mars explorer, or the deep space explorers Voyager I and II, all pushed forward the boundary of the Internet to the “Interplanet.” <wbr>We can reasonably speculate that as the evolution of mankind, the Internet will certainly expand to the further dep space. Given time, the development of mankind will expand the Internet to cover the Milky Way galaxy, and in an infinite time, eventually expand to the whole universe. We discussed in Second 2 that the structure and functions of the Internet will be similar to those of the human brain; therefore, a Solar system, a Milky Way galaxy, and a universe that is connected by the Internet can be referred to as intelligent Solar system, intelligentMilkyt Waygalaxy, and intelligent universe (“Universe Brain”).</wbr>
We will use<wbr><span style="font-weight:bold">five</span><wbr>figure to depict the expansion of the Internet from intercontinental to intelligent universe, as the third part of the roadmap from the origin of life to the intelligent universe.</wbr></wbr>
4 The roadmap from the origin of life to the intelligent universe
Sequence number |
Figure |
Remarks |
1 |
<wbr><p style="padding-bottom:15px; line-height:20px; border-right-width:0px; list-style-type:none; margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; word-wrap:normal; border-top-width:0px; border-bottom-width:0px; word-break:normal; border-left-width:0px; padding-top:0px"> <wbr><wbr></wbr></wbr></p> <p style="padding-bottom:15px; line-height:20px; border-right-width:0px; list-style-type:none; margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; word-wrap:normal; border-top-width:0px; border-bottom-width:0px; word-break:normal; border-left-width:0px; padding-top:0px"> <wbr><span style="line-height:21px; word-wrap:normal; word-break:normal"></span><span style="line-height:18px"><a href="http://column.iresearch.cn/UploadFiles/2011-12/127431756.jpg" target="_blank" style="color:rgb(0,34,170); text-decoration:none; font-family:Arial,tahoma,宋体,微软雅黑!important"><img border="0" alt="" src="http://column.iresearch.cn/UploadFiles/2011-12/127431756.jpg" width="300" height="276" style="border-top-style:none; border-right-style:none; border-bottom-style:none; border-left-style:none; border-width:initial; border-color:initial; border-right-width:0px; border-top-width:0px; border-bottom-width:0px; border-left-width:0px"></a></span></wbr></p> <br><p style="padding-bottom:15px; line-height:20px; border-right-width:0px; list-style-type:none; margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; word-wrap:normal; border-top-width:0px; border-bottom-width:0px; word-break:normal; border-left-width:0px; padding-top:0px"> <wbr><wbr></wbr></wbr></p> <p style="padding-bottom:15px; line-height:20px; border-right-width:0px; list-style-type:none; margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; word-wrap:normal; border-top-width:0px; border-bottom-width:0px; word-break:normal; border-left-width:0px; padding-top:0px"> <wbr></wbr></p> </wbr> |
<wbr></wbr> The origin of life (figure fromthe Internet) |
2 |
<wbr><p style="padding-bottom:15px; line-height:20px; border-right-width:0px; list-style-type:none; margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; word-wrap:normal; border-top-width:0px; border-bottom-width:0px; word-break:normal; border-left-width:0px; padding-top:0px"> <wbr></wbr></p> <p style="padding-bottom:15px; line-height:20px; border-right-width:0px; list-style-type:none; margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; word-wrap:normal; border-top-width:0px; border-bottom-width:0px; word-break:normal; border-left-width:0px; padding-top:0px"> <a href="http://column.iresearch.cn/UploadFiles/2011-12/127249218.jpg" target="_blank" style="color:rgb(0,34,170); text-decoration:none; font-family:Arial,tahoma,宋体,微软雅黑!important"><img border="0" alt="" src="http://column.iresearch.cn/UploadFiles/2011-12/127249218.jpg" width="221" height="164" style="border-top-style:none; border-right-style:none; border-bottom-style:none; border-left-style:none; border-width:initial; border-color:initial; border-right-width:0px; border-top-width:0px; border-bottom-width:0px; border-left-width:0px"></a><br><br></p> <p style="padding-bottom:15px; line-height:20px; border-right-width:0px; list-style-type:none; margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; word-wrap:normal; border-top-width:0px; border-bottom-width:0px; word-break:normal; border-left-width:0px; padding-top:0px"> <wbr></wbr></p> </wbr> |
The age of bacteria and blue algae(figure from the Internet) |
3 |
<wbr><p style="padding-bottom:15px; line-height:20px; border-right-width:0px; list-style-type:none; margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; word-wrap:normal; border-top-width:0px; border-bottom-width:0px; word-break:normal; border-left-width:0px; padding-top:0px"> <span style="line-height:18px"><a href="http://column.iresearch.cn/UploadFiles/2011-12/127117876.jpg" target="_blank" style="color:rgb(0,34,170); text-decoration:none; font-family:Arial,tahoma,宋体,微软雅黑!important"><img border="0" alt="" src="http://column.iresearch.cn/UploadFiles/2011-12/127117876.jpg" width="271" height="188" style="border-top-style:none; border-right-style:none; border-bottom-style:none; border-left-style:none; border-width:initial; border-color:initial; border-right-width:0px; border-top-width:0px; border-bottom-width:0px; border-left-width:0px"></a></span></p> <p style="padding-bottom:15px; line-height:20px; border-right-width:0px; list-style-type:none; margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; word-wrap:normal; border-top-width:0px; border-bottom-width:0px; word-break:normal; border-left-width:0px; padding-top:0px"> <br></p> <p style="padding-bottom:15px; line-height:20px; border-right-width:0px; list-style-type:none; margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; word-wrap:normal; border-top-width:0px; border-bottom-width:0px; word-break:normal; border-left-width:0px; padding-top:0px"> <wbr></wbr></p> <p style="padding-bottom:15px; line-height:20px; border-right-width:0px; list-style-type:none; margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; word-wrap:normal; border-top-width:0px; border-bottom-width:0px; word-break:normal; border-left-width:0px; padding-top:0px"> <wbr></wbr></p> </wbr> |
The age of trilobite; explosion of lives (figure from the Internet) <wbr></wbr> |
4 |
<wbr><p style="padding-bottom:15px; line-height:20px; border-right-width:0px; list-style-type:none; margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; word-wrap:normal; border-top-width:0px; border-bottom-width:0px; word-break:normal; border-left-width:0px; padding-top:0px"> <wbr></wbr></p> <p style="padding-bottom:15px; line-height:20px; border-right-width:0px; list-style-type:none; margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; word-wrap:normal; border-top-width:0px; border-bottom-width:0px; word-break:normal; border-left-width:0px; padding-top:0px"> <a href="http://column.iresearch.cn/UploadFiles/2011-12/127947399.jpg" target="_blank" style="color:rgb(0,34,170); text-decoration:none; font-family:Arial,tahoma,宋体,微软雅黑!important"><img border="0" alt="" src="http://column.iresearch.cn/UploadFiles/2011-12/127947399.jpg" width="271" height="188" style="border-top-style:none; border-right-style:none; border-bottom-style:none; border-left-style:none; border-width:initial; border-color:initial; border-right-width:0px; border-top-width:0px; border-bottom-width:0px; border-left-width:0px"></a><br><br></p> <p style="padding-bottom:15px; line-height:20px; border-right-width:0px; list-style-type:none; margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; word-wrap:normal; border-top-width:0px; border-bottom-width:0px; word-break:normal; border-left-width:0px; padding-top:0px"> <wbr></wbr></p> </wbr> |
The age of fishes(figure from the Internet) |
5 |
<wbr><p style="padding-bottom:15px; line-height:20px; border-right-width:0px; list-style-type:none; margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; word-wrap:normal; border-top-width:0px; border-bottom-width:0px; word-break:normal; border-left-width:0px; padding-top:0px"> <wbr></wbr></p> <p style="padding-bottom:15px; line-height:20px; border-right-width:0px; list-style-type:none; margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; word-wrap:normal; border-top-width:0px; border-bottom-width:0px; word-break:normal; border-left-width:0px; padding-top:0px"> <a href="http://column.iresearch.cn/UploadFiles/2011-12/127834515.jpg" target="_blank" style="color:rgb(0,34,170); text-decoration:none; font-family:Arial,tahoma,宋体,微软雅黑!important"><img border="0" alt="" src="http://column.iresearch.cn/UploadFiles/2011-12/127834515.jpg" width="271" height="188" style="border-top-style:none; border-right-style:none; border-bottom-style:none; border-left-style:none; border-width:initial; border-color:initial; border-right-width:0px; border-top-width:0px; border-bottom-width:0px; border-left-width:0px"></a><br><br></p> <p style="padding-bottom:15px; line-height:20px; border-right-width:0px; list-style-type:none; margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; word-wrap:normal; border-top-width:0px; border-bottom-width:0px; word-break:normal; border-left-width:0px; padding-top:0px"> <wbr></wbr></p> </wbr> |
The age of amphibians (figure from the Internet) |
6 |
<wbr><p style="padding-bottom:15px; line-height:20px; border-right-width:0px; list-style-type:none; margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; word-wrap:normal; border-top-width:0px; border-bottom-width:0px; word-break:normal; border-left-width:0px; padding-top:0px"> <wbr></wbr></p> <p style="padding-bottom:15px; line-height:20px; border-right-width:0px; list-style-type:none; margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; word-wrap:normal; border-top-width:0px; border-bottom-width:0px; word-break:normal; border-left-width:0px; padding-top:0px"> <a href="http://column.iresearch.cn/UploadFiles/2011-12/127141827.jpg" target="_blank" style="color:rgb(0,34,170); text-decoration:none; font-family:Arial,tahoma,宋体,微软雅黑!important"><img border="0" alt="" src="http://column.iresearch.cn/UploadFiles/2011-12/127141827.jpg" width="271" height="188" style="border-top-style:none; border-right-style:none; border-bottom-style:none; border-left-style:none; border-width:initial; border-color:initial; border-right-width:0px; border-top-width:0px; border-bottom-width:0px; border-left-width:0px"></a><br><br></p> <p style="padding-bottom:15px; line-height:20px; border-right-width:0px; list-style-type:none; margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; word-wrap:normal; border-top-width:0px; border-bottom-width:0px; word-break:normal; border-left-width:0px; padding-top:0px"> <wbr></wbr></p> </wbr> |
The age of dinosaurs and reptiles (figure from the Internet) |
7 |
<wbr><p style="padding-bottom:15px; line-height:20px; border-right-width:0px; list-style-type:none; margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; word-wrap:normal; border-top-width:0px; border-bottom-width:0px; word-break:normal; border-left-width:0px; padding-top:0px"> <wbr></wbr></p> <p style="padding-bottom:15px; line-height:20px; border-right-width:0px; list-style-type:none; margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; word-wrap:normal; border-top-width:0px; border-bottom-width:0px; word-break:normal; border-left-width:0px; padding-top:0px"> <a href="http://column.iresearch.cn/UploadFiles/2011-12/127310796.jpg" target="_blank" style="color:rgb(0,34,170); text-decoration:none; font-family:Arial,tahoma,宋体,微软雅黑!important"><img border="0" alt="" src="http://column.iresearch.cn/UploadFiles/2011-12/127310796.jpg" width="280" height="188" style="border-top-style:none; border-right-style:none; border-bottom-style:none; border-left-style:none; border-width:initial; border-color:initial; border-right-width:0px; border-top-width:0px; border-bottom-width:0px; border-left-width:0px"></a><br><br></p> <p style="padding-bottom:15px; line-height:20px; border-right-width:0px; list-style-type:none; margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; word-wrap:normal; border-top-width:0px; border-bottom-width:0px; word-break:normal; border-left-width:0px; padding-top:0px"> <wbr></wbr></p> </wbr> |
The age of mammals (figure from the Internet) |
8 |
<wbr><p style="padding-bottom:15px; line-height:20px; border-right-width:0px; list-style-type:none; margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; word-wrap:normal; border-top-width:0px; border-bottom-width:0px; word-break:normal; border-left-width:0px; padding-top:0px"> <wbr></wbr></p> <p style="padding-bottom:15px; line-height:20px; border-right-width:0px; list-style-type:none; margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; word-wrap:normal; border-top-width:0px; border-bottom-width:0px; word-break:normal; border-left-width:0px; padding-top:0px"> <a href="http://column.iresearch.cn/UploadFiles/2011-12/127819628.jpg" target="_blank" style="color:rgb(0,34,170); text-decoration:none; font-family:Arial,tahoma,宋体,微软雅黑!important"><img border="0" alt="" src="http://column.iresearch.cn/UploadFiles/2011-12/127819628.jpg" width="280" height="188" style="border-top-style:none; border-right-style:none; border-bottom-style:none; border-left-style:none; border-width:initial; border-color:initial; border-right-width:0px; border-top-width:0px; border-bottom-width:0px; border-left-width:0px"></a><br><br></p> <p style="padding-bottom:15px; line-height:20px; border-right-width:0px; list-style-type:none; margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; word-wrap:normal; border-top-width:0px; border-bottom-width:0px; word-break:normal; border-left-width:0px; padding-top:0px"> <wbr></wbr></p> <p style="padding-bottom:15px; line-height:20px; border-right-width:0px; list-style-type:none; margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; word-wrap:normal; border-top-width:0px; border-bottom-width:0px; word-break:normal; border-left-width:0px; padding-top:0px"> <wbr></wbr></p> </wbr> |
The age of evolution of man (figure from the Internet) |
9 |
<wbr><p style="padding-bottom:15px; line-height:20px; border-right-width:0px; list-style-type:none; margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; word-wrap:normal; border-top-width:0px; border-bottom-width:0px; word-break:normal; border-left-width:0px; padding-top:0px"> <wbr></wbr></p> <p style="padding-bottom:15px; line-height:20px; border-right-width:0px; list-style-type:none; margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; word-wrap:normal; border-top-width:0px; border-bottom-width:0px; word-break:normal; border-left-width:0px; padding-top:0px"> <br><a href="http://column.iresearch.cn/UploadFiles/2011-12/127664158.jpg" target="_blank" style="color:rgb(0,34,170); text-decoration:none; font-family:Arial,tahoma,宋体,微软雅黑!important"><img border="0" alt="" src="http://column.iresearch.cn/UploadFiles/2011-12/127664158.jpg" width="280" height="188" style="border-top-style:none; border-right-style:none; border-bottom-style:none; border-left-style:none; border-width:initial; border-color:initial; border-right-width:0px; border-top-width:0px; border-bottom-width:0px; border-left-width:0px"></a></p> <p style="padding-bottom:15px; line-height:20px; border-right-width:0px; list-style-type:none; margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; word-wrap:normal; border-top-width:0px; border-bottom-width:0px; word-break:normal; border-left-width:0px; padding-top:0px"> <wbr></wbr></p> </wbr> |
1969, Internet was born; mankind entered the Internet Age |
10 |
<wbr><p style="padding-bottom:15px; line-height:20px; border-right-width:0px; list-style-type:none; margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; word-wrap:normal; border-top-width:0px; border-bottom-width:0px; word-break:normal; border-left-width:0px; padding-top:0px"> <wbr></wbr></p> <p style="padding-bottom:15px; line-height:20px; border-right-width:0px; list-style-type:none; margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; word-wrap:normal; border-top-width:0px; border-bottom-width:0px; word-break:normal; border-left-width:0px; padding-top:0px"> <a href="http://column.iresearch.cn/UploadFiles/2011-12/127433019.jpg" target="_blank" style="color:rgb(0,34,170); text-decoration:none; font-family:Arial,tahoma,宋体,微软雅黑!important"><img border="0" alt="" src="http://column.iresearch.cn/UploadFiles/2011-12/127433019.jpg" width="280" height="188" style="border-top-style:none; border-right-style:none; border-bottom-style:none; border-left-style:none; border-width:initial; border-color:initial; border-right-width:0px; border-top-width:0px; border-bottom-width:0px; border-left-width:0px"></a><br><br></p> <p style="padding-bottom:15px; line-height:20px; border-right-width:0px; list-style-type:none; margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; word-wrap:normal; border-top-width:0px; border-bottom-width:0px; word-break:normal; border-left-width:0px; padding-top:0px"> <wbr></wbr></p> <p style="padding-bottom:15px; line-height:20px; border-right-width:0px; list-style-type:none; margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; word-wrap:normal; border-top-width:0px; border-bottom-width:0px; word-break:normal; border-left-width:0px; padding-top:0px"> <wbr></wbr></p> </wbr> |
1969-1983: The Internet had only a few functions |
11 |
<wbr><p style="padding-bottom:15px; line-height:20px; border-right-width:0px; list-style-type:none; margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; word-wrap:normal; border-top-width:0px; border-bottom-width:0px; word-break:normal; border-left-width:0px; padding-top:0px"> <wbr></wbr></p> <p style="padding-bottom:15px; line-height:20px; border-right-width:0px; list-style-type:none; margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; word-wrap:normal; border-top-width:0px; border-bottom-width:0px; word-break:normal; border-left-width:0px; padding-top:0px"> <a href="http://column.iresearch.cn/UploadFiles/2011-12/127997222.jpg" target="_blank" style="color:rgb(0,34,170); text-decoration:none; font-family:Arial,tahoma,宋体,微软雅黑!important"><img border="0" alt="" src="http://column.iresearch.cn/UploadFiles/2011-12/127997222.jpg" width="280" height="188" style="border-top-style:none; border-right-style:none; border-bottom-style:none; border-left-style:none; border-width:initial; border-color:initial; border-right-width:0px; border-top-width:0px; border-bottom-width:0px; border-left-width:0px"></a><br><br></p> <p style="padding-bottom:15px; line-height:20px; border-right-width:0px; list-style-type:none; margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; word-wrap:normal; border-top-width:0px; border-bottom-width:0px; word-break:normal; border-left-width:0px; padding-top:0px"> <wbr></wbr></p> </wbr> |
Since BBS’birth in 1978,its functions span off and there emerged many new services such as news, e-commerce, blogs, wikis. |
12 |
<wbr><p style="padding-bottom:15px; line-height:20px; border-right-width:0px; list-style-type:none; margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; word-wrap:normal; border-top-width:0px; border-bottom-width:0px; word-break:normal; border-left-width:0px; padding-top:0px"> <wbr></wbr></p> <p style="padding-bottom:15px; line-height:20px; border-right-width:0px; list-style-type:none; margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; word-wrap:normal; border-top-width:0px; border-bottom-width:0px; word-break:normal; border-left-width:0px; padding-top:0px"> <a href="http://column.iresearch.cn/UploadFiles/2011-12/127189727.jpg" target="_blank" style="color:rgb(0,34,170); text-decoration:none; font-family:Arial,tahoma,宋体,微软雅黑!important"><img border="0" alt="" src="http://column.iresearch.cn/UploadFiles/2011-12/127189727.jpg" width="280" height="188" style="border-top-style:none; border-right-style:none; border-bottom-style:none; border-left-style:none; border-width:initial; border-color:initial; border-right-width:0px; border-top-width:0px; border-bottom-width:0px; border-left-width:0px"></a><br><br></p> <p style="padding-bottom:15px; line-height:20px; border-right-width:0px; list-style-type:none; margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; word-wrap:normal; border-top-width:0px; border-bottom-width:0px; word-break:normal; border-left-width:0px; padding-top:0px"> <wbr></wbr></p> </wbr> |
The spin-offs of BBS combined with other early applications of the Internet |
13 |
<wbr><p style="padding-bottom:15px; line-height:20px; border-right-width:0px; list-style-type:none; margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; word-wrap:normal; border-top-width:0px; border-bottom-width:0px; word-break:normal; border-left-width:0px; padding-top:0px"> <wbr></wbr></p> <p style="padding-bottom:15px; line-height:20px; border-right-width:0px; list-style-type:none; margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; word-wrap:normal; border-top-width:0px; border-bottom-width:0px; word-break:normal; border-left-width:0px; padding-top:0px"> <a href="http://column.iresearch.cn/UploadFiles/2011-12/127215064.jpg" target="_blank" style="color:rgb(0,34,170); text-decoration:none; font-family:Arial,tahoma,宋体,微软雅黑!important"><img border="0" alt="" src="http://column.iresearch.cn/UploadFiles/2011-12/127215064.jpg" width="280" height="188" style="border-top-style:none; border-right-style:none; border-bottom-style:none; border-left-style:none; border-width:initial; border-color:initial; border-right-width:0px; border-top-width:0px; border-bottom-width:0px; border-left-width:0px"></a></p> <p style="padding-bottom:15px; line-height:20px; border-right-width:0px; list-style-type:none; margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; word-wrap:normal; border-top-width:0px; border-bottom-width:0px; word-break:normal; border-left-width:0px; padding-top:0px"> <wbr></wbr></p> </wbr> |
Internet applications further merged and synthesized, forming the “quasi-neuron” structure based on personal (Internet) space |
14 |
<wbr><p style="padding-bottom:15px; line-height:20px; border-right-width:0px; list-style-type:none; margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; word-wrap:normal; border-top-width:0px; border-bottom-width:0px; word-break:normal; border-left-width:0px; padding-top:0px"> <wbr></wbr></p> <p style="padding-bottom:15px; line-height:20px; border-right-width:0px; list-style-type:none; margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; word-wrap:normal; border-top-width:0px; border-bottom-width:0px; word-break:normal; border-left-width:0px; padding-top:0px"> <a href="http://column.iresearch.cn/UploadFiles/2011-12/127145081.jpg" target="_blank" style="color:rgb(0,34,170); text-decoration:none; font-family:Arial,tahoma,宋体,微软雅黑!important"><img border="0" alt="" src="http://column.iresearch.cn/UploadFiles/2011-12/127145081.jpg" width="280" height="188" style="border-top-style:none; border-right-style:none; border-bottom-style:none; border-left-style:none; border-width:initial; border-color:initial; border-right-width:0px; border-top-width:0px; border-bottom-width:0px; border-left-width:0px"></a></p> <p style="padding-bottom:15px; line-height:20px; border-right-width:0px; list-style-type:none; margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; word-wrap:normal; border-top-width:0px; border-bottom-width:0px; word-break:normal; border-left-width:0px; padding-top:0px"> <wbr></wbr></p> </wbr> |
As the emerge of the Internet of Things and with cloud computing, the virtual brain structure of the Internet is taking form |
15 |
<wbr><p style="padding-bottom:15px; line-height:20px; border-right-width:0px; list-style-type:none; margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; word-wrap:normal; border-top-width:0px; border-bottom-width:0px; word-break:normal; border-left-width:0px; padding-top:0px"> <wbr></wbr></p> <p style="padding-bottom:15px; line-height:20px; border-right-width:0px; list-style-type:none; margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; word-wrap:normal; border-top-width:0px; border-bottom-width:0px; word-break:normal; border-left-width:0px; padding-top:0px"> <a href="http://column.iresearch.cn/UploadFiles/2011-12/127128053.jpg" target="_blank" style="color:rgb(0,34,170); text-decoration:none; font-family:Arial,tahoma,宋体,微软雅黑!important"><img border="0" alt="" src="http://column.iresearch.cn/UploadFiles/2011-12/127128053.jpg" width="280" height="188" style="border-top-style:none; border-right-style:none; border-bottom-style:none; border-left-style:none; border-width:initial; border-color:initial; border-right-width:0px; border-top-width:0px; border-bottom-width:0px; border-left-width:0px"></a><br><br></p> <p style="padding-bottom:15px; line-height:20px; border-right-width:0px; list-style-type:none; margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; word-wrap:normal; border-top-width:0px; border-bottom-width:0px; word-break:normal; border-left-width:0px; padding-top:0px"> <wbr></wbr></p> </wbr> |
The virtual brain of the Internet that covers all continents (figure from the Internet) |
16 |
<wbr><p style="padding-bottom:15px; line-height:20px; border-right-width:0px; list-style-type:none; margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; word-wrap:normal; border-top-width:0px; border-bottom-width:0px; word-break:normal; border-left-width:0px; padding-top:0px"> <wbr><span style="line-height:18px"><a href="http://column.iresearch.cn/UploadFiles/2011-12/127912641.jpg" target="_blank" style="color:rgb(0,34,170); text-decoration:none; font-family:Arial,tahoma,宋体,微软雅黑!important"><img border="0" alt="" src="http://column.iresearch.cn/UploadFiles/2011-12/127912641.jpg" width="280" height="188" style="border-top-style:none; border-right-style:none; border-bottom-style:none; border-left-style:none; border-width:initial; border-color:initial; border-right-width:0px; border-top-width:0px; border-bottom-width:0px; border-left-width:0px"></a></span></wbr></p> <p style="padding-bottom:15px; line-height:20px; border-right-width:0px; list-style-type:none; margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; word-wrap:normal; border-top-width:0px; border-bottom-width:0px; word-break:normal; border-left-width:0px; padding-top:0px"> <br><br></p> <p style="padding-bottom:15px; line-height:20px; border-right-width:0px; list-style-type:none; margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; word-wrap:normal; border-top-width:0px; border-bottom-width:0px; word-break:normal; border-left-width:0px; padding-top:0px"> <wbr></wbr></p> </wbr> |
The virtual brain of the Internet that covers the whole Earth (figure from the Internet) |
17 |
<wbr><p style="padding-bottom:15px; line-height:20px; border-right-width:0px; list-style-type:none; margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; word-wrap:normal; border-top-width:0px; border-bottom-width:0px; word-break:normal; border-left-width:0px; padding-top:0px"> <wbr></wbr></p> <p style="padding-bottom:15px; line-height:20px; border-right-width:0px; list-style-type:none; margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; word-wrap:normal; border-top-width:0px; border-bottom-width:0px; word-break:normal; border-left-width:0px; padding-top:0px"> <a href="http://column.iresearch.cn/UploadFiles/2011-12/127999763.jpg" target="_blank" style="color:rgb(0,34,170); text-decoration:none; font-family:Arial,tahoma,宋体,微软雅黑!important"><img border="0" alt="" src="http://column.iresearch.cn/UploadFiles/2011-12/127999763.jpg" width="215" height="160" style="border-top-style:none; border-right-style:none; border-bottom-style:none; border-left-style:none; border-width:initial; border-color:initial; border-right-width:0px; border-top-width:0px; border-bottom-width:0px; border-left-width:0px"></a><br><br></p> <p style="padding-bottom:15px; line-height:20px; border-right-width:0px; list-style-type:none; margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; word-wrap:normal; border-top-width:0px; border-bottom-width:0px; word-break:normal; border-left-width:0px; padding-top:0px"> <wbr></wbr></p> <p style="padding-bottom:15px; line-height:20px; border-right-width:0px; list-style-type:none; margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; word-wrap:normal; border-top-width:0px; border-bottom-width:0px; word-break:normal; border-left-width:0px; padding-top:0px"> <wbr></wbr></p> <p style="padding-bottom:15px; line-height:20px; border-right-width:0px; list-style-type:none; margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; word-wrap:normal; border-top-width:0px; border-bottom-width:0px; word-break:normal; border-left-width:0px; padding-top:0px"> <wbr></wbr></p> </wbr> |
The virtual brain of the Internet that covers the whole Solar system; it can be referred to as “intelligent Solar System” or the “Solar System Brain” (figure from the Internet) |
18 |
<wbr><p style="padding-bottom:15px; line-height:20px; border-right-width:0px; list-style-type:none; margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; word-wrap:normal; border-top-width:0px; border-bottom-width:0px; word-break:normal; border-left-width:0px; padding-top:0px"> <wbr></wbr></p> <p style="padding-bottom:15px; line-height:20px; border-right-width:0px; list-style-type:none; margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; word-wrap:normal; border-top-width:0px; border-bottom-width:0px; word-break:normal; border-left-width:0px; padding-top:0px"> <a href="http://column.iresearch.cn/UploadFiles/2011-12/127312843.jpg" target="_blank" style="color:rgb(0,34,170); text-decoration:none; font-family:Arial,tahoma,宋体,微软雅黑!important"><img border="0" alt="" src="http://column.iresearch.cn/UploadFiles/2011-12/127312843.jpg" width="248" height="185" style="border-top-style:none; border-right-style:none; border-bottom-style:none; border-left-style:none; border-width:initial; border-color:initial; border-right-width:0px; border-top-width:0px; border-bottom-width:0px; border-left-width:0px"></a><br><br></p> <p style="padding-bottom:15px; line-height:20px; border-right-width:0px; list-style-type:none; margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; word-wrap:normal; border-top-width:0px; border-bottom-width:0px; word-break:normal; border-left-width:0px; padding-top:0px"> <wbr></wbr></p> <p style="padding-bottom:15px; line-height:20px; border-right-width:0px; list-style-type:none; margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; word-wrap:normal; border-top-width:0px; border-bottom-width:0px; word-break:normal; border-left-width:0px; padding-top:0px"> <wbr></wbr></p> </wbr> |
The virtual brain of the Internet that covers the whole Milky Way galaxy; it can be referred to as “intelligent Milky Way” or the “Milky Way Brain” (figure from the Internet) |
19 |
<wbr><p style="padding-bottom:15px; line-height:20px; border-right-width:0px; list-style-type:none; margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; word-wrap:normal; border-top-width:0px; border-bottom-width:0px; word-break:normal; border-left-width:0px; padding-top:0px"> <wbr></wbr></p> <p style="padding-bottom:15px; line-height:20px; border-right-width:0px; list-style-type:none; margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; word-wrap:normal; border-top-width:0px; border-bottom-width:0px; word-break:normal; border-left-width:0px; padding-top:0px"> <a href="http://column.iresearch.cn/UploadFiles/2011-12/127562342.jpg" target="_blank" style="color:rgb(0,34,170); text-decoration:none; font-family:Arial,tahoma,宋体,微软雅黑!important"><img border="0" alt="" src="http://column.iresearch.cn/UploadFiles/2011-12/127562342.jpg" width="280" height="188" style="border-top-style:none; border-right-style:none; border-bottom-style:none; border-left-style:none; border-width:initial; border-color:initial; border-right-width:0px; border-top-width:0px; border-bottom-width:0px; border-left-width:0px"></a><br><br></p> <p style="padding-bottom:15px; line-height:20px; border-right-width:0px; list-style-type:none; margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; word-wrap:normal; border-top-width:0px; border-bottom-width:0px; word-break:normal; border-left-width:0px; padding-top:0px"> <wbr></wbr></p> </wbr> |
The virtual brain of the Internet that covers the whole Universe; it can be referred to as “intelligent Universe” or the “Universe Brain” (figure from the Internet) |
<wbr></wbr>
<wbr></wbr>
5.Conclusion
Through the examination and organization of the development history of the Internet, this study developed and described the roadmap of evolution from the origin of life to the Intelligent Universe. It has the following significance:
1. Filled in the blank of the Darwinian after the evolution reached the human.
<wbr>2. Established a model for the future of the Internet, and provided a foundation for future scientific research and commercial applications/extensions.</wbr>
3. Through the proposed model of the Intelligent Universe, pointed out the direction of the evolution of lives.
Although this study pointed out the ultimate result of the evolution of the Internet is the Intelligent Universe, or the Universe Brain, there are still three issues that need to be explored and addressed:
1. How will the Intelligent Universe overcome the constraints of time and space in its operation?
2. What would be the direction of the next stage of evolution for the Intelligent Universe?
3. What could be the factors pushing forward the lived toward the direction of the Intelligent Universe?
相关推荐
在先前的论文[1] [2] [3]中,作者提出了以下概念:哈勃场,宇宙膨胀的加速度常数,De Sitter-Hubble引力方程以及虚数的可能性时间,所有这些都主要针对关于宇宙命运的假设。 这项工作提到了有关宇宙起源的一些理论,...
讨论了一组分支和随后发生的“大爆炸”事件的概率,相应宇宙的起源,它们发生的时间以及初始位置。 使用最小动作原理和勒查特利尔原理证明了将虚拟对象转变为真实状态的可能性。 结果表明,这是一阶相变,伴随着...
从文明起源到现代化-论文.zip
本资源包括RBM相关的论文,针对RBM的起源和发展做出了综述
由于遗传物质是生命的蓝图,因此对生命起源的更好理解是基于对允许形成具有独特性质的复杂分子的条件的解读。 在本文中,我们提出并检验了以下假设:信息熵模型将允许形成具有遗传特性的复杂有机分子,而不会破坏...
生命的起源和智慧的演进.ppt
它设想了我们的宇宙将从一个从无到有不稳定的封闭空间的量子涨落开始,我们熟悉的三个空间尺寸伴随着七个额外的空间尺寸,四个基本力统一,质子波长量级的初始半径。 紧致的额外维度以今天的普朗克长度的数量级半径...
在本文中,作者将彻底研究和概述这种新的宇宙学模型,并从三个基本原理及其创造性的解释到对宇宙的现有观测,完整地描述其发展。 通过对新宇宙学模型的全面研究,作者将进一步揭示黑洞宇宙在时空质量和半径,时空...
Lemaître提出宇宙起源于一个原始原子[1],后来在1949年的BBC广播中[2]被Hoyle“ Big Bang”昵称。 从广义相对论出发,爱因斯坦提出了一个空间有限宇宙的宇宙学模型[3]。 他假设物质在一个巨大的4维球体中均匀分布...
宇宙时间首次被视为一个真实的物理对象,被整合到一个“宇宙方程”中,从而使我们对时间(其起源,流动……),物质和空间的认识变得一致。 它建立了一个数学模型,使我们能够将暗能量(或宇宙常数)解释为“负”...
基于放射性现象(弱力),乔治·勒玛特(Georges Lema?... 宇宙时间第一次被视为一个真实的物理对象,被整合到一个“宇宙方程”中,这使我们对时间(其起源,流动……),物质和空间的了解变得一致。 此外,该
理论物理学的长期目标是开发一个单一的简单理论或模型,以统一四个已知的基本力(或相互作用)并为宇宙的起源和演化提供解释。 在此之前的研究的基础上,提出了“螺旋波定律”,即一致的宇宙场以光速(c)呈现各种...
hadoop起源Google发表的三篇论文:GFS, Bigtable, MapReduce,英文版
高二年级历史第十二课探索生命起源之谜课件精选.pptx
现代宇宙学起源于Einstein在广义相对论中寻找 满足宇宙学原理的解,Hubbble发现宇宙学红 移之后,宇宙学成为一个以实验为驱动力的学 科。经过20世纪60年代的辉煌之后,宇宙学研 究在上世纪末进入了一个新的黄金时代...
第三章-宇宙的起源与宇宙大爆炸.doc
宇宙物质起源.doc
第三章-宇宙的起源与宇宙大爆炸页.pdf
本实例是从国外的一个网站上意外中找到的,很经典,含有源码,敬请下载!